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Windmills are used for operating such pumps as are described in the preceding sections. The power for operating the mill is derived from the deflection of the direction of the wind when it strikes the vane of the wheel, the force of the deflection causing the vane to move. The motion of the vane is transmitted to the pump by means of a train of gears and reciprocating parts. The speed of revolution of the wind wheel. the diameter of the wind wheel, the pitch of the vanes, the ratio of the gears, and the speed of the pump must all be proportioned by the designer for the conditions under which the pump is to operate. The loading of the windmill should be proportioned to the average wind velocity in the locality. The valves, plungers, bearings, and gear wheels are the wearing portions which require attention and repairs. Well-lubricated bearings and moving parts will reduce needed repairs and will aid in maintaining the rated capacity of the pump. Gasoline or electric motors are sometimes connected to windmill driven pumps to supplement the wind on calm days. The gasoline engine or the electric motor should have a rated capacity of about 3 hp. for every 10 ft. of lift of water, the lift representing the total height from the surface of the water in the well to the discharge valve
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